Human Trafficking Statistics

Explore the statistics and learn how this issue affects millions worldwide.

DEFINING THE PROBLEM

What is Human Trafficking?

Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery that affects millions of people worldwide, including right here in Texas and Houston. Understanding the scope of this crisis is the first step toward ending it.

 

Human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to exploit individuals for labor or commercial sex. It can happen in any community, and victims can be any age, race, gender, or nationality. At Elijah Rising, we believe awareness leads to action, and action leads to freedom.

Global Human Trafficking Statistics

Human trafficking is one of the fastest-growing criminal enterprises in the world. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), an estimated 27.6 million people are victims of human trafficking at any given time globally.

0 MILLION
Victims of human trafficking around the globe. (International Labour Organization, 2021)
$0 BILLION
Human Trafficking is the fastest growing criminal enterprise.
0 %
of human trafficking profits come from sex trafficking

Human Trafficking in the United States

Human trafficking has been reported in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, on Tribal land, and within U.S. territories. In 2023, the National Human Trafficking Hotline received over 30,000 substantive signals and identified nearly 10,000 potential cases involving nearly 17,000 victims.

 

Since its inception, the National Human Trafficking Hotline has identified 112,822 cases of human trafficking in the U.S., with 218,568 victims identified in those cases.

Trafficking in Texas

Houston is a major hub of sex trafficking in the United States. Houston’s proximity to the U.S-Mexico border makes it the halfway point for smuggling and trafficking operations. Interstate-10 connects Houston to major cities on the East and West Coast, including Miami and Los Angeles.

According to a landmark University of Texas at Austin study, there are an estimated 313,000 victims of human trafficking in Texas, including approximately 79,000 minors who are victims of sex trafficking.

Since its inception, the National Human Trafficking Hotline has identified 10,997 cases of human trafficking in Texas, with 24,876 victims identified in those cases.

Texas Trafficking Statistics

Texas consistently ranks as one of the top states for human trafficking cases in the nation. In recent years, Texas has ranked second only to California in the number of trafficking cases reported to the National Human Trafficking Hotline.

 

Key Texas Statistics (2024)

  • 2,418 signals were received by the National Human Trafficking Hotline from Texas in 2024
  • 674 signals were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
  • 2,087 human trafficking arrests were made by law enforcement agencies in Texas during FY 2024
  • 1,732 human trafficking-related investigations were opened by the Criminal Investigations Division
  • 246 children and youth in DFPS conservatorship were confirmed to have been trafficked in FY 2024

Why Houston Is a Human Trafficking Hub

Houston is one of the largest human trafficking hubs in the United States. Several factors contribute to this troubling reality:

  • Geographic location: Houston’s proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border makes it a halfway point for smuggling and trafficking operations
  • Interstate access: Interstate 10 connects Houston to major cities on the East and West Coasts, including Miami and Los Angeles
  • Major port city: The Port of Houston is one of the busiest in the nation, creating additional trafficking vectors
  • Large population: As the fourth-largest city in the U.S., Houston’s size provides anonymity for traffickers
  • Major events: Large-scale events and conventions create increased demand for commercial sex

 

Between April and June 2024 alone, 274,838 advertisements for commercial sex were posted online in Texas, with Houston ranking among the top cities for ad volume.

Who Are the Victims?

Human trafficking does not discriminate. Victims come from every background, but certain populations are more vulnerable:

  • Runaway and homeless youth: 1 in 6 endangered runaways reported to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children were likely victims of sex trafficking
  • Foster youth: Children in the foster care system are disproportionately targeted by traffickers
  • LGBTQ+ youth: Approximately 40% of homeless youth identify as LGBTQ+, and they face significantly higher risk of trafficking
  • Immigrants and refugees: Those with uncertain immigration status may fear reporting abuse
  • Abuse survivors: Individuals with history of domestic violence, sexual abuse, or trauma are often targeted

 

According to 2023 National Human Trafficking Hotline data, the most common traffickers are employers (43%), family members (26%), and intimate partners (22%). Most victims (65%) were recruited online.

Signs of Human Trafficking

Human trafficking is often called a “hidden crime” because victims rarely come forward on their own. Recognizing the warning signs can help identify victims and save lives:

  • Signs of physical abuse or malnourishment
  • Avoids eye contact, appears fearful or anxious
  • Is not allowed to speak for themselves
  • Lacks personal possessions or identification documents
  • Shows signs of being controlled (someone else speaks for them, controls their movements)
  • Works excessive hours or in unsafe conditions
  • Lives with employer or in crowded, substandard conditions
  • Has inconsistent stories about their situation

Frequently Asked Questions

How many human trafficking victims are in Texas?

According to a University of Texas at Austin study, there are an estimated 313,000 victims of human trafficking in Texas, including approximately 79,000 minors who are victims of sex trafficking. In 2024, the National Human Trafficking Hotline received 2,418 signals from Texas and identified 10,997 total cases since its inception.

 

Is Houston a hub for human trafficking?

Yes, Houston is one of the largest human trafficking hubs in the United States. Its proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border, access to Interstate 10 connecting major coastal cities, status as a major port city, and large population all contribute to making Houston a target for traffickers.

 

What are the two main types of human trafficking?

The two main types of human trafficking are sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Sex trafficking involves forcing individuals into commercial sex acts through force, fraud, or coercion. Labor trafficking involves forcing individuals to work through similar means. Any commercial sex involving a minor is considered sex trafficking regardless of force, fraud, or coercion.

 

How do I report suspected human trafficking?

If you suspect human trafficking, call the National Human Trafficking Hotline at 1-888-373-7888, available 24/7 in more than 200 languages. You can also text “HELP” to 233733 (BEFREE) or submit a tip online. If someone is in immediate danger, call 911.

 

What is Elijah Rising doing to fight human trafficking?

Elijah Rising combats human trafficking through a comprehensive approach including prevention education, street outreach to women in Houston’s red-light districts, and long-term restoration programs that provide survivors with safe housing, counseling, job training, and ongoing support.

 

Who is most at risk for human trafficking?

While anyone can become a victim, those at higher risk include runaway and homeless youth, children in foster care, LGBTQ+ youth, immigrants and refugees, individuals with a history of abuse or trauma, and those facing economic hardship. Research shows that 1 in 6 endangered runaways are likely victims of sex trafficking.

 

How many human trafficking arrests are made in Texas each year?

In fiscal year 2024, there were 2,087 human trafficking arrests made by law enforcement agencies across Texas. The Texas Attorney General’s Criminal Investigations Division also opened 1,732 human trafficking-related investigations during the same period.

How Elijah Rising Is Fighting Human Trafficking

Elijah Rising exists to end sex trafficking in Houston and beyond. Our comprehensive approach includes:

 

Awareness

We educate communities, schools, and organizations about the realities of trafficking so they can recognize and prevent exploitation before it happens.

 

Intervention

Through street outreach and prayer teams, we connect with women being sold in Houston’s red-light districts, offering hope and a way out.

 

Restoration

Our long-term care programs provide survivors with safe housing, counseling, job training, and the support they need to heal and rebuild their lives.

HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Key Areas of Exploitation

Demand

Sex trafficking is driven by demand. Men represent 99% of those buying sex. Studies also reveal that legalizing prostitution increases trafficking because it does not address the driving factor of sex trafficking which is demand.

Prostitution

Trafficking and prostitution both lead to the same place of abuse and exploitation. Up to 95% of women in prostitution have a history of childhood sexual abuse, and 83% have been threatened with a weapon while in the life.

Pornography

Porn sites receive more traffic than Netflix, Amazon, and Twitter combined, with studies linking consumption to aggression and desensitization. Adult content plays a big role in causing demand for sex trafficking to increase.

Stripping

Around 54% of women in strip clubs have also worked in prostitution, often under coercive control.

TRAFFICKING INSIGHTS

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Sources

  • International Labour Organization (ILO), Global Estimates of Modern Slavery, 2021
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, 2024
  • National Human Trafficking Hotline Statistics, 2024
  • Texas Attorney General Human Trafficking Task Force Report, December 2024
  • Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS), FY 2024
  • University of Texas at Austin, “Human Trafficking by the Numbers,” Busch-Armendariz et al.
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • Department of Transportation
  • National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC)